Why is my dog losing hair?

Hair loss, also known as alopecia, refers to partial hair loss, thinning or bald spots in areas of the body where hair is normally present. Alopecia can occur for several reasons including parasites, allergies, bacterial or fungal infections, poor diet or an underlying health condition.

Alopecia is different from seasonal shedding, which naturally occurs during seasonal changes as part of your dog’s hair growth cycle. However, if you are concerned your dog is shedding more excessively that normal, get in touch with your vet.

Whilst it can be frightening to see your dog losing their hair, it is often very treatable with a visit to your local vet. Mild to severe hair loss problems all require a full examination so your vet can make an accurate diagnosis, rule out any underlying conditions and prescribe the best treatment program.

What is hair loss (alopecia)?

Hair loss (alopecia) in dogs refers to partial hair loss, thinning or bald spots. Alopecia can affect dogs at any stage of their life. There are many different types of alopecia that effect dogs. In most cases, the hair loss is temporary and once the underlying cause it treated, the hair regrows. However, inherited forms of alopecia can sometimes result in permanent hair loss or reoccurring conditions.

The hair loss can affect an isolated spot or multiple areas. It can be symmetrical or widespread. It can often be accompanied with other symptoms such as itching, inflammation, red patches, darkened skin, flaky skin, brittle coat or excessive shedding. Sometimes secondary conditions can develop such as an infection or fluid discharge.

Common symptoms of alopecia in dogs

In addition to hair loss, there are other common symptoms of alopecia in dogs:

• Brittle or dry coat

• Shedding more than usual

• Bald patches

• Itchiness or excessive scratching

• Thinning of hair

• Inflammation or red patches around area of hair loss

• Dry, crusty skin

• Dandruff

• Darkened skin

• Fluid discharge or weeping

Common causes of alopecia in dogs

Bacterial or fungal infections

Bacterial or fungal infections on the skin can cause hair loss, redness, inflammation, itching, flaky or crusty skin and an unpleasant smell.

A bacterial skin infection occurs when conditions create an environment where bacteria can replicate and spread, causing a reaction. This can be a result of an allergic reaction, flea infestation, wound or underlying condition that weakens the immune system.

A fungal skin infection occurs when your pet encounters fungal spores in a contaminated environment, from direct contact with an infected animal or person or due to the overgrowth of fungi or yeast that is naturally occurring in your pet’s body. Common fungal skin infections include ringworm and yeast infections.

Medicated shampoos, oral antibiotics and antibacterial ointments can be prescribed by your vet to treat and help soothe a bacteria skin infection. Treatment for fungal infections generally include antibiotics, along with topical anti-fungal treatments such shampoos and ointments. Treatment can be a long-term effort with several follow up appointments. Your vet will also want to run a few tests to diagnose the underlying problem.

Mange or other parasites

Mange is a parasitic skin disease caused by mites. These microscopic critters live under the surface of the skin or inside the hair follicles. Their constant burrowing and chewing causes inflammation, which leads to weak hair, hair loss, inflammation and bald spots.

Fleas are another common parasite that can lead to hair loss. Fleas can make dogs extremely itchy to the point that their hair starts to fall out in places. Some dogs can develop a severe allergic reaction to flea bites. This is commonly known as flea allergy dermatitis, a painful skin condition that results in hairless itchy “hot spots” commonly seen on the base or back of the tail.

Mites and fleas are extremely contagious and can spread to your home and other pets. If you find evidence of fleas or mites, your vet can prescribe medication and dedicated shampoos to treat the parasites and ease itching and inflammation. You vet will also recommend a preventative parasite program for the future. Depending on the severity of the infestation, you may also need to clean and treat your home at the same time.

Allergies

A common itchy skin condition in pets is “atopic dermatitis” which is an inflammatory condition caused by a reaction to allergens in the environment. A wide range of environmental allergens can trigger symptoms including trees, grasses, pollens, dust mites, insects and mould spores. Allergies can also be related to food, pesticides and soap.

The most common sign your pet has an allergy is frequent scratching and often a skin rash when they come into contact with the source of irritation. The frequent scratching can lead to hair loss and often cause wounds such as raw and inflamed skin areas which also require attention.

Treating environment allergies can be difficult and involves reducing your pet’s exposure to the allergens where possible and treating the symptoms when they occur. Treatments can include shampoos, medication and injections. Like humans, treating food allergies involves going through an elimination process to rule out different causes of allergies. Your vet can give you full details on how to carry this out for your pet.

Underlying health condition

Certain diseases or underlying health conditions can directly inhibit or slow the rate of hair growth. This can include endocrine system abnormalities, such as hypothyroidism, autoimmune disorders and cancer. Temporary hair loss can also occur during pregnancy, lactation or after a severe illness or fever.

It is important to speak with your vet as soon as you notice abnormal hair loss as early treatment of certain diseases or underlying health conditions is key. If your vet suspects an internal problem, they may recommend a series of tests, such as laboratory testing, x-rays or ultrasound imaging to determine the cause.

Alopecia can be inherited if the dog’s mother or father suffered from the condition. There are also certain breeds that are more susceptible to developing different types of alopecia.

Poor diet

Nutrition is an important part of pet care and has a big impact on maintaining a healthy coat. A complete and balanced diet is essential for your dog’s health and wellbeing. Poor nutrition can lead to many disorders including obesity, allergies, in addition to poor coat condition and hair loss.

At WoofPurNay, we offer a wide range of premium pet food products to suit your dog’s individual needs. Different diets can be offered based on your dog’s unique lifestyle, age, size or health requirements. Our vets can provide you with the best advice about what diet is most suitable for your dog.